Lactic Acid

An alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA) derived from fermented sugars with a larger molecular size than glycolic acid, resulting in more superficial penetration and better tolerance on sensitive skin. Beyond exfoliation, it has a secondary humectant effect — it is a component of the skin's natural moisturising factors (NMF). Human clinical trials show improvements in photoaging, hyperpigmentation, and skin texture. Preferred over glycolic acid for reactive and medium-to-deeper skin tones where glycolic acid can trigger post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation rather than fade it. Photosensitising — daily SPF is essential when using AHAs. Effective OTC range: 5–10%.